The most common problem with the heart in the US is a problem with the
coronary arteries getting clogged, just like water pipes at home getting
clogged. This leads to the heart not getting enough blood, not all the time, but
sometimes when you need more blood. The symptoms are chest pain or tightness, at
first when you exercise, when your heart needs more blood. The next step is a
heart attack, when part of the heart does not get enough blood for long enough
that it dies. When muscle dies, it never comes back. The next step is heart
failure, when enough muscle is not working that the blood does not pump enough
blood for the body. Although most people do get the chest pain or tightness,
some people get almost no symptoms, especially in people with diabetes.
This is a picture of a cross section of a coronary artery. It has a lot of
space. The size of a normal artery is actually very small. It is usually 1.5mm
to 3mm.

This is a cross section of a diseased coronary artery. Most of the lumen is
filled up with blockage and this vessel cannot deliver much blood. All coronary
arteries are bigger than they need to be and can deliver more blood than you
would ever need. In general they have to be blocked 70% before it restricts
enough blood flow to cause problems.

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